MyBatis

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标签: MyBatis Java博客 51CTO博客

2023-06-17 18:24:18 153浏览

MyBatis,简介什么是MyBatisMyBatis是一款优秀的持久层框架,用于简化JDBC开发MyBatis本是Apache的一个开源项目iBatis。2010年这个项目由apachesoftwarefoundation迁移到了googlecode,并且改名为MyBatis。2013年11月迁移到Github官网:https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/getting-star


简介

什么是MyBatis

  • MyBatis是一款优秀的持久层框架,用于简化JDBC开发
  • MyBatis本是Apache的一个开源项目iBatis。2010年这个项目由apache software foundation迁移到了google code,并且改名为MyBatis。2013年11月迁移到Github
  • 官网:https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/getting-started.html

持久层:

  • 负责将数据保存到数据库的那一层代码
  • JavaEE三层架构:表现层,业务层,持久层

框架:

  • 框架就是一个半成品软件,是一套可重用的、通用的、软件基础代码模型
  • 在框架的基础之上构建软件编写更加高效、规范、通用、可扩展

JDBC缺点

MyBatis_xml

MyBatis简化

MyBatis_sql_02

MyBatis快速入门

案例:查询user表中所有数据

  1. 创建user表,添加数据

MyBatis_xml_03

  1. 创建模块,导入坐标
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.10</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.31</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.20</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.26</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

在resource下导入logback.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>

    <appender name="Console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>[%level] %blue(%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS}) %cyan([%thread]) %boldGreen(%logger{15}) - %msg %n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <logger name="com.xc" level = "DEBUG" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="Console" />
    </logger>
</configuration>
  1. 编写MyBatis核心配置文件 --> 替换连接信息,解决硬编码问题
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
<!--                数据库的连接信息-->
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///test?useSSL=false"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="****"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="UserMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>
  1. 编写SQL映射文件 --> 统一管理sql语句,解决硬编码问题
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--
    namespace: 命名空间
-->
<mapper namespace="test">
    <select id="selectAll" resultType="com.xc.pojo.User">
        select * from user
    </select>
</mapper>
  1. 编码
  1. 定义POJO类
package com.xc.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @author xc
 * @date 2023/5/30 18:21
 */
@Data
public class User {
    private Long id;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    private String role;
}
  1. 加载核心配置文件,获取SqlSessionFactory对象
  2. 获取SqlSession对象,执行SQL语句
  3. 释放资源
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 加载mybatis核心配置文件
        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);

        // 获取sqlSession对象
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();

        // 执行sql
        List<User> userList = sqlSession.selectList("test.selectAll");
        System.out.println(userList);
        // 释放资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }

结果

MyBatis_xml_04

Mapper代理开发

  • 目的
  • 解决原生方式中的硬编码
  • 简化后期SQL

使用Mapper代理方式完成

  1. 定义与SQL映射文件同名的Mapper接口,并且将Mapper接口和SQL映射文件放置在同一目录下

MyBatis_List_05

  1. 设置SQL映射文件的namespace属性为Mapper接口全限定名

MyBatis_sql_06

  1. 在Mapper接口中定义方法,方法名就是SQL映射文件中sql语句id,并保持参数类型和返回值类型一致
public interface UserMapper {
    List<User> selectAll();
}
  1. 编码
  1. 通过SqlSession的getMapper方法获取Mapper接口的代理对象
  2. 调用对应方法完成sql执行
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    // 加载mybatis核心配置文件
    String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
    InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
    SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);

    // 获取sqlSession对象
    SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();

    // 获取UserMapper接口的代理对象
    UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);

    // 执行sql
    List<User> userList = mapper.selectAll();
    System.out.println(userList);
    // 释放资源
    sqlSession.close();
}

结果

MyBatis_xml_07

注意:还可以使用包扫描的方式来加载sql映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
<!--                数据库的连接信息-->
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///test?useSSL=false"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="*****"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
<!--        加载sql映射文件-->
<!--        <mapper resource="com/xc/mapper/UserMapper.xml"/>-->
<!--        Mapper代理方式-->
        <package name="com.xc.mapper"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

MyBatis核心配置文件

官网:https://mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/configuration.html

environments:配置数据库连接环境信息,可以配置多个environment,通过default属性切换不同的environment

typeAliases:类型别名可为 Java 类型设置一个缩写名字。 它仅用于 XML 配置,意在降低冗余的全限定类名书写。

配置各个标签时,需要遵守前后顺序

配置文件完成增删改查

查询

查询所有数据

MyBatis_sql_08

编写Mapper接口

public interface BrandMapper {
    List<Brand> selectAll();
}

测试

package com.xc.testUser;

import com.xc.mapper.BrandMapper;
import com.xc.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.xc.pojo.Brand;
import com.xc.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author xc
 * @date 2023/5/30 18:24
 */
public class Mybatis {
    SqlSession sqlSession;

    BrandMapper mapper;

    @Before
    public void init() throws IOException {
        // 加载mybatis核心配置文件
        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);

        // 获取sqlSession对象
        sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();

        // 获取UserMapper接口的代理对象
        mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);


    }
    @Test
    public void testSelectAll() {
        List<Brand> brands = mapper.selectAll();
        System.out.println(brands);
    }

    @After
    public void end() {
        // 释放资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

结果

MyBatis_sql_09

发现有的字段为null,因为字段名与数据库对应不上,解决办法:

MyBatis_List_10

或使用sql片段(不灵活)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--
    namespace: 命名空间
-->
<mapper namespace="com.xc.mapper.BrandMapper">

<!--    sql片段-->
    <sql id="breand_cloumn">
        id, brand_name as brandName, company_name as companyName, ordered, description,status
    </sql>
    <select id="selectAll" resultType="com.xc.pojo.Brand">
        select
        <include refid="breand_cloumn"/>
        from tb_brand
    </select>
</mapper>

结果

MyBatis_xml_11

使用resultMap

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--
    namespace: 命名空间
-->
<mapper namespace="com.xc.mapper.BrandMapper">
<!--  
    id:唯一标识
    type:映射的类型,支持别名
  -->
    <resultMap id="brandResultMap" type="com.xc.pojo.Brand">
<!--       
    id:完成主键字段的映射
      column:表的列名
      property:实体类的字段名
    result:完成一般字段的映射
-->
        <result column="brand_name" property="brandName" />
        <result column="company_name" property="companyName" />
    </resultMap>
<!-- 使用 resultMap属性 -->
    <select id="selectAll" resultMap="brandResultMap">
        select
        *
        from tb_brand
    </select>
</mapper>

结果

MyBatis_sql_12

查看详情

MyBatis_List_13

定义Mapper接口

public interface BrandMapper {
    List<Brand> selectAll();

    Brand selectById(int id);
}

定义xml文件

MyBatis_xml_14

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--
    namespace: 命名空间
-->
<mapper namespace="com.xc.mapper.BrandMapper">

    <resultMap id="brandResultMap" type="com.xc.pojo.Brand">
        <result column="brand_name" property="brandName" />
        <result column="company_name" property="companyName" />
    </resultMap>

<!--  查id-->
    <select id="selectById" resultMap="brandResultMap">
        select * from tb_brand where id = #{id}
    </select>


</mapper>

查询

package com.xc.testUser;

import com.xc.mapper.BrandMapper;
import com.xc.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.xc.pojo.Brand;
import com.xc.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author xc
 * @date 2023/5/30 18:24
 */
public class Mybatis {
    SqlSession sqlSession;

    BrandMapper mapper;

    @Before
    public void init() throws IOException {
        // 加载mybatis核心配置文件
        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);

        // 获取sqlSession对象
        sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();

        // 获取UserMapper接口的代理对象
        mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);


    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectById() {
        Brand brand = mapper.selectById(1);
        System.out.println(brand);
    }

    @After
    public void end() {
        // 释放资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

结果

MyBatis_sql_15

条件查询

MyBatis_sql_16

定义Mapper接口

public interface BrandMapper {

    List<Brand> selectByCondition(@Param("status") int status, @Param("companyName") String companyName, @Param("brandName") String brandName);

    List<Brand> selectByCondition(Brand brand);

    List<Brand> selectByCondition(Map map);

}

编写映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--
    namespace: 命名空间
-->
<mapper namespace="com.xc.mapper.BrandMapper">


    <resultMap id="brandResultMap" type="com.xc.pojo.Brand">
        <result column="brand_name" property="brandName" />
        <result column="company_name" property="companyName" />
    </resultMap>

    <select id="selectByCondition" resultMap="brandResultMap">
        select * from tb_brand
        where
            status = #{status}
        and company_name like #{companyName}
        and brand_name like #{brandName}
    </select>

</mapper>

测试

package com.xc.testUser;

import com.xc.mapper.BrandMapper;
import com.xc.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.xc.pojo.Brand;
import com.xc.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author xc
 * @date 2023/5/30 18:24
 */
public class Mybatis {
    SqlSession sqlSession;

    BrandMapper mapper;

    @Before
    public void init() throws IOException {
        // 加载mybatis核心配置文件
        String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);

        // 获取sqlSession对象
        sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();

        // 获取UserMapper接口的代理对象
        mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);


    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectByCondition() {
        List<Brand> brands1 = mapper.selectByCondition(1,"%小%","%小米%");
        Brand b = new Brand();
        b.setStatus(1);
        b.setBrandName("%华%");
        b.setCompanyName("%华%");
        List<Brand> brands2 = mapper.selectByCondition(b);
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("status",0);
        map.put("companyName","%三%");
        map.put("brandName","%三%");
        List<Brand> brands3 = mapper.selectByCondition(map);
        System.out.println(brands1);
        System.out.println("====================");
        System.out.println(brands2);
        System.out.println("====================");
        System.out.println(brands3);
    }

    @After
    public void end() {
        // 释放资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

结果

MyBatis_xml_17

MyBatis_xml_18

动态条件查询

在xml中定义sql语句中添加if标签

<select id="selectByCondition" resultMap="brandResultMap">
        select * from tb_brand
        where 1 = 1
            <if test="status != null">
                status = #{status}
            </if>
        <if test="companyName != null and companyName != '' ">
            and company_name like #{companyName}
        </if>
        <if test="brandName != null and brandName != '' ">
            and brand_name like #{brandName}
        </if>
    </select>

优雅方式

<select id="selectByCondition" resultMap="brandResultMap">
        select * from tb_brand
        <where>
            <if test="status != null">
                and status = #{status}
            </if>
            <if test="companyName != null and companyName != '' ">
                and company_name like #{companyName}
            </if>
            <if test="brandName != null and brandName != '' ">
                and brand_name like #{brandName}
            </if>
        </where>
    </select>

多选一

MyBatis_List_19

Mapper接口

// 因为不知道要传那个参数,直接用Brand对象
List<Brand> selectByConditionSingle(Brand brand);

或者直接用where标签包裹

MyBatis_xml_20

添加

MyBatis_xml_21

主键返回

MyBatis_List_22

修改

修改全部字段

MyBatis_List_23

修改动态字段

MyBatis_List_24

删除

删除一个

MyBatis_List_25

批量删除

MyBatis_xml_26

MyBatis参数传递

MyBatis_List_27

注解完成增删改查

@Select("select * from tb_user where id = #{id}")
public User selectById(int id);
  • 查询:@Select
  • 添加:@Insert
  • 修改:@Update
  • 删除:@Delete

提示:

  • 注解完成简单功能
  • 配置文件完成复杂功能

MyBatis_xml_28

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